ABSTRACT
Se reporta la primera observación de un espécimen leucístico en el Juil de Jamapa, Rhamdia laticauda en el noreste del estado de Oaxaca. En un estudio ictiológico de la Reserva de la Biosfera Tehuacán-Cuicatlán en el río Xiquila de la cuenca alta del río Papaloapan, el pez se capturó con pesca eléctrica y se fotografió. El bagre vivo mostró una reducción de pigmentos en la piel, manchas blancas y ojos negros normales. Esto contribuye al conocimiento de la variabilidad intraespecífica y la historia natural de R. laticauda. Se discuten las causas potenciales de esta anomalía de color.
Here, we report the first observation of a leucistic specimen in the Rock catfish, Rhamdia laticauda in the Northeast of Oaxaca, Mexico. We caught the specimen by electric fishing and then photographed during an ichthyological survey carried out in the Tehuacán-Cuicatlán Biosphere Reserve in the Xiquila River of the upper Papaloapan River basin. The live catfish showed a lack of pigment in the skin, white spots, and normal eye color. This information contributes to the knowledge about intraspecific variability and natural history of R. laticauda. We discuss the potential causes of this color anomaly.
ABSTRACT
Abstract: Albinism has been recorded in Neotropical freshwater fishes, mostly for nocturnal or cryptobiotic species. We report herein a case of albinism in the catfish Cambeva guareiensis (Trichomycteridae) from the Guareí River basin, Upper Paraná River basin, southeastern Brazil. The albino fish was caught with seven individuals with typical color pattern of the species. The features of the albino fish in life and shortly after preservation are described and illustrated.
Resumo: Albinismo tem sido registrado em peixes de água doce Neotropicais, principalmente em espécies noturnas ou criptobióticas. Relatamos aqui um caso de albinismo no bagrinho Cambeva guareiensis (Trichomycteridae) da bacia do Rio Guareí, bacia do Alto Rio Paraná, sudeste do Brasil. O peixe albino foi capturado juntamente com sete indivíduos com padrão de cor típico da espécie. As caracteristicas do peixe albino em vida e logo após a preservação são descritas e ilustradas.
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: A case of a transient visual field defect and a change in spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) after an overdose of sildenafil citrate is described. CASE SUMMARY: A 67-year-old male with no previous medical history presented with a bluish tinge and visual field defect in both eyes. He had consumed eight tablets of sildenafil citrate (800 mg) 3 days before the visit. His best-corrected visual acuity was 14/20 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. No specific finding was noted on slit-lamp examination. Fundus examination and fundus photography revealed focal foveal hypopigmentation in both eyes. He underwent SD-OCT imaging with the Cirrus HD-OCT (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Oberkochen, Germany), and thickening of the ellipsoid zone and choroid was revealed by SD-OCT scans. He was advised not to take any more sildenafil citrate and was followed for 1 week after the first visit. Central scotomas of both eyes were revealed by a visual field test, and thickening of the ellipsoid zone and choroid remained. His eyes were re-evaluated 1 and 3 months after the first visit, and although the symptoms nearly disappeared, abnormalities in the visual field test and on SD-OCT remained, albeit with some degree of improvement. He revisited us 4 months after the first visit, at which time the visual field test and SD-OCT scans showed results within normal ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Sildenafil citrate overdose can result in a color anomaly (bluish tinge), visual field defects, and thickening of the ellipsoid zone and choroid on SD-OCT scans.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Choroid , Hypopigmentation , Photography , Reference Values , Scotoma , Sildenafil Citrate , Tablets , Tolnaftate , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Sildenafil citrate, is an oral tablet demonstrating efficacy for maintaining an erection in males with erectile dysfunction by inhibiting phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5). In the present study, we report 1 case of a transient color anomaly with visual field defect after an overdose of sildenafil citrate. CASE SUMMARY: One patient, a 39-year-old female, with no significant medical history other than previous major depressive disorder, visited an outpatient department due to the visual field defect that began after taking 30 tablets of sildenafil citrate (50 mg) 3 days earlier. A number of ophthalmologic tests were administered including visual acuity test, color vision test, fundus photography and the measurement of retinal structure with optical coherent tomography and her condition was monitored. The best corrected visual acuity was 1.0 in both right and left eyes in her first visit. The color anomaly and a central scotoma of both eyes were detected in the visual field test, while significant signs were not observed after evaluation using optical coherent tomography and fundus photography. After 5 weeks, the visual acuity was not affected, the color anomaly symptom disappeared and the focal visual field defect was present although improved. CONCLUSIONS: Transient color anomaly and persistent central scotoma caused by an overdose ingestion of sildenafil has not been reported in Korea, The related mechanisms may involve the inhibition of PDE5 on ganglion cells and bipolar cells in the retina and interruption of phosphodiesterase type 6 (PDE6) function in both rods and cones.